Social and Political Movements
Four Volume Set
Edited by:
- Cyrus Ernesto Zirakzadeh - University of Connecticut, USA
January 2011 | 1 640 pages | SAGE Publications Ltd
'Social movements' refer to purposeful undertakings by people who do not hold positions of authority or wealth, but who wish to redirect their society towards new goals and values by bypassing or defying those in power. Scholarly opinions about such movements vary tremendously. Some - especially those with painful first-hand experiences of fascist regimes - fear movements, cite their extra-constitutional features, and predict authoritarian consequences if unauthorized collective actions become more common. Others - for instance those who sympathize with recent peace, environmental, or women's movements - admire and applaud social movements, viewing them as schools for healthy citizenship.
This collection contains more than 55 writings by academics and public intellectuals. The essays are drawn from different decades of the 20th and 21st centuries, and from across the globe, presenting different and sometimes divergent lines of thinking about social movements.
Volume One: Theorizing about Movements after World War II
Volume Two: Emergence and Evolution of Political-Process Theory
Volume Three: Cultural Approaches
Volume Four: Components, Contradictions and Contexts
VOLUME 1: THEORIZING ABOUT MOVEMENTS AFTER WORLD WAR II
| Editor's Introduction to the Overall Handbook |
| Editor's Introduction to Volume 1 |
Section 1: Mass-Society Theories
Life Cycles of Social Movements
| The Revolutionary Process: A frame of reference for the study of revolutionary movements | Rex Hooper |
Totalitarian Movements and the Loneliness of the Bourgeoisie
| The Origins of Totalitarianism | Hannah Arendt |
Class Insecurity versus Status Insecurity
| The Radical Right: A Problem for American Democracy | Seymour Martin Lipset |
Modernity and Anger
| Fascism and Modernization | Henry Ashby Turner, Jr. |
Section 2: Marxist Visions
Purposefulness of Resistance
Concept of Class and the Roots of Fascism
| The Lower Middle Class as Historical Problem | Arno Mayer |
Role of Movements in Class Formation
| Proletariat into a Class: The process of class formation from Karl Kautsky's The Class Struggle to Recent Controversies | Adam Przeworski |
Dangers of Political Incorporation
| Retrospective Comments | Francis Fox Piven |
Section 3: Peasant Movements as a Theoretical Puzzle
Alternatives to Movement Activism
| Hegemony and the Peasantry | James Scott |
Instrumental Reasoning and Tactical Choices
| The Rational Peasant: The political economy of rural society | Samuel Popkin |
Regime Changes and Shifts in Peasant Politics
| From Avoidance to Confrontation: Peasant protest in precolonial and colonial Southeast Asia | Michael Adas |
Section 4: Speculations about New Social Movements
Uncovering a New Style of Movement Experience
| New Social Movements | J rgen Habermas |
Analyzing a New Phenomenon
| The 'New Social Movements': Moral crusades, political pressure groups, or social movements | Klaus Elder |
Are New Social Movements Truly New?
| 'New Social Movements' of the Early Nineteenth Century | Craig Calhoun |
VOLUME 2: EMERGENCE AND EVOLUTION OF POLITICAL-PROCESS THEORY
Editor's Introduction to Volume 2
Section 1: Components of Political-Process Thinking
Strategic Calculations and Acts of Protest
| Protest as a Political Resource | Martin Lipsky |
Resource Mobilization Theory
| Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A partial theory | John McCarthy and Mayer N. Zald |
Frame theory
| Frame Alignment Processes, Micromobilization and Movement Participation | David Snow, E. Burke Rochford, Jr., Steven Worden, and Robert Benford |
Section 2: Vision Articulated
In Sociology
| The Political Process Model | Doug McAdam |
In History
| Social Movements and National Politics | Charles Tilly |
In Political Science
| Political Opportunity Structure and Political Protest: Anti-Nuclear Movements in Four Democracies | Herbert Kitschelt |
Mobilizing Around the Vision
| Crossing Frontiers: Theoretical innovations in the study of social movements | Cyrus Ernesto Zirakzadeh |
Section 3: Vision Applied and Enriched
Protest Waves
| The Dynamics of Protest Waves: West Germany, 1965 to 1989 | Ruud Koopmans |
Cycles of Contention
| Cycles of Collective Action: Between moments of madness and the repertoire of contention | Sidney Tarrow |
Movements and Countermovements
| Movements, Countermovements, and the Structure of Political Opportunity | David Meyer and Suzanne Staggenborg |
Section 4: Criticisms of Political-Process Theory
Is Political-Process Theory Too Elitist?
| An Insider's Critique of the Social Movement Framing Perspective | Robert Benford |
Is Political-Process Theory Naively Structural?
| Caught in a Winding, Snarling Vine: The structural bias of political process theory | Jeff Goodwin and James Jasper |
Is Political-Process Theory Excessively Scholastic?
| The Question of Relevance in Social Movement Studies | Richard Flacks |
Section 5: Responses to Critics by One Political-Process Theorist
| Introduction to the Second Edition | Doug McAdam |
VOLUME 3: CULTURAL APPROACHES
Editor's Introduction to Volume 3
Section 1: Cultural Complexity and Social Movements
Ambiguities of Cultural Practices
| 'We Are Not What We Seem': Rethinking black working-class opposition in the Jim Crow South | Robin Kelley |
Discontinuities in Popular Culture
| Structural Opportunity and Perceived Opportunities in Social-Movement Theory: Evidence from the Iranian Revolution of 1979 | Charles Kurzman |
Appeals of Stories
| Contending Stories: Narrative in social movements | Francesca Polleta |
Section 2: Political Struggles over Culture
Culture as Resource with which to Offset Unfavorable Political Circumstances
| Linking Mobilization Frames and Political Opportunities: Insights from Regional Populism in Italy | Mario Diani |
| Myth and the Zapatista Movement: Exploring a Network Identity | Adrienne Russell |
Cultural Obstacles to Movement Growth
| Must Identity Movements Self-Destruct? A Queer Dilemma | Joshua Gamson |
| Haunted by the Specter of Communism: Collective identity and resource mobilization in the demise of the Workers Alliance of America | Chad Alan Goldberg |
Section 3: Newsmedia and Social Movements
Social Movements and Alternative News Outlets
| Claims-Making and the Construction of Legitimacy: Press coverage of the 1981 Northern Irish hunger strike | Aogán Mulcahy |
Miscalculating Media Responses
| Appeal, Threat, and Press Resonance: Comparing Mayday protests in London and Berlin | Dieter Rucht |
Movement Vilification in the Press
| 'The Anarchists' World Cup': Respectable protest and media panics | Michael Rose and Hugo Gorringe |
Section 4: Popular Music and Social Movements
Musical Subversion
| Rebeldismo in the Revolutionary Family: Rock 'n roll's early confrontations with the state and society in Mexico | Eric Zolov |
Popular Music as Mechanism for Mobilization
| Media and Mobilization: The case of radio and Southern textile worker insurgency, 1929 to 1934 | Vincent Roscigno and William Danaher |
Section 5: Religion, Religious Traditions, and Social Movements
Religious Awakenings as Social Movements
| Revitalization Movements | Anthony Wallace |
Religious Roots of Democratic Visions
| Religion and Revolution | Christopher Hill |
Local Prophets and Counter-Hegemony
| Popular Publics: Street protests and plaza preachers in Caracas | David Smilde |
VOLUME FOUR: COMPONENTS AND CONTEXTS
Editor's Introduction to Volume 4
Section 1: Internal Complexity of Social Movements
Organizational Decentralization
| Movements of Revolutionary Change: Some structural characteristics | Luther Gerlach |
Mixed Messages and Mixed Motives
| Thoughts on a Neglected Category of Social Movement Participant: The agent provocateur | Gary Marx |
Intra-Movement Pluralism
| Tilting the Frame: Considerations on collective action framing from a discursive turn | Marc Steinberg |
Section 2: Roles and Styles of Movement Leaders
Competing Tasks of Movement Leaders
| Functional Areas of Leadership in Social Movements | Joseph Gusfield |
| Organizing Democracy: The limits of theory and practice | Lawrence Goodwyn |
Gender and Leadership
| African American Women in the Civil Rights Movement: Gender, leadership and micromobilization | Belinda Robnett |
Section 3: Impact of Local Environments on Movements
Neighborhoods and Movement Development
| Networks and Mobilization in the Paris Commune, 1871 | Roger Gould |
University Campuses as Movement Settings
| Ecologies of Social Movements: Student mobilization during the 1989 prodemocracy movement in Beijing | Dingxin Zhao |
Section 4: Movements Acting "Above" the State
Venue Shopping
| The Dualities of Transnational Contention: 'Two activist solitudes' or a new world altogether? | Sidney Tarrow |
| Black Southern Student Sit-in Movement: An Analysis of Internal Organization | Aldon Morris |
Different Appeals to Different Audiences
| The Benefits of Frame Resonance Disputes for Transnational Movements: The case of Botswana's central Kalahari game reserve | Danielle Resnick |
Section 5: Social Movements and Cultural Globalization
| Politics beyond the State: Environmental activism and world civic politics | Paul Wapner |
| Globalization and Transnational Diffusion Between Social Movements: Reconceptualizing the dissemination of the Gandhian repertoire and the 'coming out' routine" | Sean Chabot and Jan Willem Duyvendak |
| Globalizing Social Movement Theory: The case of eugenics | Deborah Barrett and Charles Kurzman |
Section 6: So, Do Movements Matter?
Processes of Political Education
| On Participation | Hanna Fenichel Pitkin and Sara Shumer |
Measuring Achievements in Light of Political Possibilities
| Stolen Thunder? Huey Long's Share Our Wealth, political mediation and the Second New Deal | Edwin Amenta, Kathleen Dunleavy, and Mary Bernstein |
Noticing Indirect Effects