Re-use of Open Access Content

All licenses require that re-use complies with the following terms:

• Full attribution must accompany any re-use and include the following information about the original work:
  

  Author(s)
  Article Title
  Journal
  DOI
  Volume (if applicable)
  Issue (if applicable)
  Page numbers (if applicable)
  Date of publication
  SAGE as the original publisher
  A link to the original article as published on SAGE Journals (where practicable)

• Creative Commons license terms for re-use do not apply to any content (such as graphs, figures, photos, excerpts, etc.) not original to the Open Access article and further permission may be required from the rights holder. The obligation to research and clear permission lies solely with the party re-using the material.
• Re-use of a work must not imply or otherwise suggest sponsorship or endorsement by SAGE, the author(s), journal, society or other third party.
• Creative Commons licenses do not negate the moral rights of authors, including but not limited to the right to attribution and the right that a work not be subjected to derogatory treatment that threatens the honour or reputation of the author(s).

SAGE strongly recommends users notify the original authors(s) of their intention to distribute, adapt, translate or republish Open Access content.

License Summary:

Please visit the Creative Commons website (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/) for more detailed information on each license listed below.

CC-BY (Attribution only) allows content to be copied, adapted, displayed, distributed, re-published or otherwise re-used for any purpose including for adaptation and commercial use provided the content is attributed. Please refer to the previous section regarding requirements of attribution, third party material, false endorsement and moral rights. 

CC-BY-ND (Attribution-NoDerivatives) allows a work to be copied, displayed, distributed, republished or otherwise re-used provided the re-use is not an adaptation or derivative and the integrity of the original work is maintained. To create an adaptation, translation, or derivative of the original work, further permission is required and can be obtained by contacting permissionsjournals@sagepub.in. Please refer to the previous section regarding requirements of attribution, third party material, false endorsement and moral rights. 

CC-BY-NC (Attribution-NonCommercial) allows content to be copied, adapted, displayed, distributed, republished or otherwise re-used provided the purpose of these activities is not for commercial use. Commercial use means use of the content by a commercial organisation or individual for direct (including through sale, loan or license) or indirect (including through marketing campaigns, promotional materials or presentations) gain or remuneration. Please refer to the previous section regarding requirements of attribution, third party material, false endorsement and moral rights. 

CC-BY-NC-ND (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives) allows a work to be copied, displayed, distributed, republished or otherwise re-used provided the re-use is not an adaptation or derivative and the integrity of the original work is maintained. Additionally, this license does not allow for commercial use of the work. Commercial use means use of the content by a commercial organisation or individual for direct (including through sale, loan or license) or indirect (including through marketing campaigns, promotional materials or presentations) commercial gain or remuneration. Please refer to the previous section regarding requirements of attribution, third party material, false endorsement and moral rights. 

The following examples of commercial use require further permission under the CC-BY-NC and CC-BY-NC-ND licenses. To request permission or clarification on what is permitted, please email permissionsjournals@sagepub.in. For commercial reprints or eprints please email commercialsales@sagepub.in.

• Republication of content in a work or product available for sale (unless subject to other copyright exceptions such as fair dealing).
• Republication of content in presentations, brochures or other marketing materials by a commercial entity.
• Distribution of the content to promote or market a person, product, course, service or organization.
• Text and data mining for the purpose of creating a saleable product or product which benefits from promotional or advertising revenue.
• Use of the content by a commercial entity or individual for the purposes of remuneration, directly or indirectly through sale, licensing, promotion or advertising.
• Linking to the content (in an email, webpage, portable electronic device or otherwise) for the specific purpose of marketing or advertising a person, product, course, service or organization for commercial benefit.

Authors of papers published in a subscription journal may re-use of their work under the terms stated in their contributor agreement. For more information, please visit Journals Permissions.