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Intelligence
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Intelligence
From Secrets to Policy

Seventh Edition

Other Titles in:
Intelligence

624 pages | CQ Press
Mark M. Lowenthal’s trusted guide is the go-to resource for understanding how the intelligence community’s history, structure, procedures, and functions affect policy decisions. In this Seventh Edition, the author addresses cyber security and cyber intelligence throughout, expands on previous coverage of collection, comprehensively updates the chapters on nation states and transnational issues, and takes a look at various foreign intelligence services, both large and small.

Intelligence: From Secrets to Policy remains the standard by which all other intelligence studies textbooks should be evaluated.”  
–Greg Moore, Notre Dame College
 
Tables, Figures, and Boxes
 
Preface
 
Acronyms
 
Chapter 1. What Is “Intelligence”?
Why Have Intelligence Agencies?

 
What Is Intelligence About?

 
Key Terms

 
Further Readings

 
 
Chapter 2. The Development of U.S. Intelligence
Major Themes

 
Major Historical Developments

 
Key Terms

 
Further Readings

 
 
Chapter 3. The U.S. Intelligence Community
Alternative Ways of Looking at the Intelligence Community

 
The Many Different Intelligence Communities

 
Intelligence Community Relationships That Matter

 
The Intelligence Budget Process

 
Key Terms

 
Further Readings

 
 
Chapter 4. The Intelligence Process—A Macro Look: Who Does What for Whom?
Requirements

 
Collection

 
Processing and Exploitation

 
Analysis and Production

 
Dissemination and Consumption

 
Feedback

 
Thinking About the Intelligence Process

 
Key Terms

 
Further Readings

 
 
Chapter 5. Collection and the Collection Disciplines
Overarching Themes

 
Strengths and Weaknesses

 
Conclusion

 
Key Terms

 
Further Readings

 
 
Chapter 6. Analysis
Major Themes

 
Analytical Issues

 
Intelligence Analysis: An Assessment

 
Key Terms

 
Further Readings

 
 
Chapter 7. Counterintelligence
Internal Safeguards

 
External Indicators and Counterespionage

 
Problems in Counterintelligence

 
Leaks

 
Economic Espionage

 
National Security Letters

 
Conclusion

 
Key Terms

 
Further Readings

 
 
Chapter 8. Covert Action
The Decision-Making Process

 
The Range of Covert Actions

 
Issues in Covert Action

 
Assessing Covert Action

 
Key Terms

 
Further Readings

 
 
Chapter 9. The Role of the Policy Maker
The U.S. National Security Policy Process

 
Who Wants What?

 
The Intelligence Process: Policy and Intelligence

 
Key Term

 
Further Readings

 
 
Chapter 10. Oversight and Accountability
Executive Oversight Issues

 
Congressional Oversight

 
Issues in Congressional Oversight

 
Internal Dynamics of Congressional Oversight

 
The Courts

 
Conclusion

 
Key Terms

 
Further Readings

 
 
Chapter 11. The Intelligence Agenda: Nation-States
The Primacy of the Soviet Issue

 
The Emphasis on Soviet Military Capabilities

 
The Emphasis on Statistical Intelligence

 
The “Comfort” of a Bilateral Relationship

 
Collapse of the Soviet Union

 
Intelligence and the Soviet Problem

 
The Current Nation-State Issue

 
Key Terms

 
Further Readings

 
 
Chapter 12. The Intelligence Agenda: Transnational Issues
U.S. National Security Policy and Intelligence After the Cold War

 
Intelligence and the New Priorities

 
Cyberspace

 
Terrorism

 
Proliferation

 
Narcotics

 
Economics

 
Demographics

 
Health and the Environment

 
Peacekeeping Operations

 
Support to the Military

 
Conclusion

 
Key Terms

 
Further Readings

 
 
Chapter 13. Ethical and Moral Issues in Intelligence
General Moral Questions

 
Issues Related to Collection and Covert Action

 
Analysis-Related Issues

 
Oversight-Related Issues

 
Whistle-Blowers

 
The Media

 
Conclusion

 
Further Readings

 
 
Chapter 14. Intelligence Reform
The Purpose of Reform

 
Issues in Intelligence Reform

 
Conclusion

 
Key Terms

 
Further Readings

 
 
Chapter 15. Foreign Intelligence Services
Britain

 
China

 
France

 
Israel

 
Russia

 
Other Services

 
Other Services in Brief

 
Conclusion

 
Further Readings

 
 
Appendix 1. Additional Bibliographic Citations and Websites
 
Appendix 2. Major Intelligence Reviews or Proposals
 
Author Index
 
Subject Index

“Mark Lowenthal’s Intelligence: From Secrets to Policy is a marvelous guide to the discipline’s concepts and theories, and it keeps getting better with each edition. It is nuanced and comprehensive without losing sight of the big picture–that is, the key points that every scholar and practitioner must understand when it comes to the real world of strategic intelligence. Whether as an intelligence analyst, a manager, an overseer on Capitol Hill, or an outside scholar, Lowenthal has been there, done that.  He brings a superb sense of realism and practicality into his book, while at the same time tapping into the most important scholarly research on the topic. Bravo!”

Dr. Loch K. Johnson
University of Georgia

Intelligence: From Secrets to Policy remains the standard by which all other intelligence studies textbooks should be evaluated. Each chapter covers its topic clearly and concisely, conveying the information within with just the right amount of detail; the sidebar boxes offer excellent topics for classroom discussion. The book is comprehensive and covers topics that are themselves each book worthy.”

Greg Moore
Notre Dame College

“Lowenthal’s Intelligence: From Secrets to Policy is a comprehensive text which reflects current events and new developments in the field. It is able to introduce difficult to understand concepts in ways that students are readily able to comprehend.”

John Comiskey
Monmouth University

Intelligence: From Secrets to Policy is incredibly informative, timely, well-written, and easily accessible by students and professionals alike. Mark Lowenthal starts by providing a baseline for understanding the role that "intelligence" plays in the operation of a government and its interactions with other countries. He then provides historical context for the development of the U.S. intelligence community. From there, we get a deep look into the practice of intelligence and the broad spectrum of roles with the intelligence community, from protecting our secrets and obtaining the secrets of others. The use of intelligence in formulating policy is also an essential element discussed here and, in a "post-Snowden" era, Lowenthal's discussions of accountability, ethics, and reform are very timely and insightful.”

Gary C. Kessler, Ph.D.
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, Florida

A comprehensive text about everything intelligence

Mr Christopher Martinez
History/Phil/Pol Science Dept, Kingsborough Community College
September 11, 2019

Sample Materials & Chapters

Chapter 5

Chapter 12


Mark M. Lowenthal

Mark M. Lowenthal has over forty-four years of experience in U.S. intelligence. He has served as the Assistant Director of Central Intelligence for Analysis and Production, Vice Chairman for Evaluation on the National Intelligence Council, staff director of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, office director and as a Deputy Assistant Secretary of State in the State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR), and Senior Specialist in U.S. Foreign Policy at the Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress. He is now the President and CEO of the Intelligence &... More About Author