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Environmental Corrections
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Environmental Corrections
A New Paradigm for Supervising Offenders in the Community



216 pages | SAGE Publications, Inc

A new paradigm for supervising offenders in the community

 

Environmental Corrections is an innovative guide filled with rich insights and strategies for probation and parole officers to effectively integrate offenders back into the community and reduce recidivism. Authors Lacey Schaefer, Francis T. Cullen, and John E. Eck move beyond traditional models for interventions and build directly on the applied focus of environmental criminology theories. Using this approach, the authors answer the question of what officers can do to decrease opportunities for an offender to commit a crime. Readers will learn how to recognize and assess specific criminal opportunities in an offender’s past and gain the tools and strategies they need to design an individualized supervision plan that channels offenders away from these criminogenic situations.

 
Chapter 1: Why Offender Supervision Does Not Work
The Invention of Probation and Parole: Treatment and Control

 
The Limited Effectiveness of Offender Supervision

 
Why Treatment Does Not Work

 
Why Control Does Not Work

 
Conclusion: A New Paradigm for Offender Supervision

 
 
Chapter 2: Why Opportunity Matters
The Evolution of Crime Science

 
Crime Science and Opportunity Reduction

 
Conclusion: Opportunity-Reduction Supervision

 
 
Chapter 3: How to Supervise Offenders
Current Offender Supervision Practices

 
Introduction to Environmental Corrections Supervision

 
Identifying Exposure to Crime Opportunities

 
Considering Gender

 
Creating the Offender’s Case Plan

 
Modifying the Offender’s Case Plan

 
Graduated Consequences

 
Earned Discharge and Aftercare

 
 
Chapter 4: Developing Offender Supervision Technology
Offender Assessment and Classification

 
Identifying Opportunities for Crime

 
Opportunity-Reduction Case Plans

 
 
Chapter 5: Getting Offenders to Think Right
Reducing Propensity

 
Opportunity Resistance

 
Opportunity Avoidance

 
 
Chapter 6: How the Police Can Help
Increasing the Supervision of Offenders

 
Increasing the Supervision of Targets and Places

 
Increasing the Surveillance by Crime Controllers

 
 
Chapter 7: Making Offender Supervision Work
Lesson #1: Punishment Does Not Work Well

 
Lesson #2: Reducing Crime Opportunities Reduces Crime

 
Lesson #3: Environmental Corrections Can Reduce Crime Opportunities

 
Lesson #4: Crime Opportunities Must Be Assessed

 
Lesson #5: Cognitive-Behavioral Techniques Can Help

 
Lesson #6: The Police Make Excellent Community Corrections Partners

 
Lesson #7: Research Is Needed

 
Lesson #8: Opportunity-Reduction Supervision Can Work

 

“For more than a half century, scholars have contested whether offender supervision should emphasize treatment or control.  Drawing on the insights of environmental criminology, Schaefer and colleagues move beyond this increasingly stale debate by proposing a truly innovative approach to community corrections: using supervision to limit offenders vulnerability to criminal opportunities.  Scholarly yet accessible, this volume promises to be a contemporary classic in the field of corrections.”

Joan Petersilia
Stanford Law School

“This book breaks important new ground by integrating environmental criminology and

place-based ideas into community supervision of offenders.  The idea of "environmental corrections" is not just new and intriguing; it presents a new approach to doing something about an important part of the crime problem.”

David Weisburd
George Mason University and Hebrew University

A text like Environmental Corrections is a hot cake in the field of criminal justice, especially in the branch of Corrections. It addresses the whole components of correctional system in a systematic method. It uses a comprehensive approach to explain to readers the environment in which the modern day correction systems operate. By breaking down the theory of correction in Chapter one, the author makes it easier for readers to appreciate the discussions in the Environmental Correction.  I believe the use of this book in my correction class would add more flavor in explaining the process of corrections in America.”

Chima O. Ahanotu
Texas A&M University-Commerce

“This book has the potential to be for community corrections what Goldstein’s Problem Oriented Policing was and still is for policing.”

Jonathon A. Cooper
Indiana University of Pennsylvania

“This may well be the most important book on community corrections in decades.  It takes a mountain of research evidence from a staggering variety of sources and consolidates it into a roadmap for the future.  The ugly truth is that American corrections is broken.  Environmental Corrections may well be the approach necessary to repair a critical part of it.  The authors have brutally assaulted the mantra that "nothing works" by showing otherwise”.

Adam J. McKee
University of Arkansas at Monticello

“It’s an important book – well-written and well-argued. Even though it may ask a lot from probation and parole officers, it certainly provides a standard to aspire to.”

Richard P. Wiebe
Fitchburg State University

“Strengths: Thoroughness, Inclusion of forms and excellent figures, Practical discussions”

Elizabeth Perkins
Morehead State University

“I would be very likely to seriously consider this as a supplementary text to my Community Corrections class.  I also think it would be a good addition to my Police and Community course”

Deirdre M. Warren
Kent State University at Stark

Sample Materials & Chapters

Chapter 1

Chapter 3


Lacey Ranae Schaefer

Lacey Schaefer is Lecturer in the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Griffith University.  She received her Ph.D. in Criminal Justice from the University of Cincinnati.  She previously worked as a Research Fellow for the University of Cincinnati Policing Institute and in the Australian Research Council’s Centre of Excellence in Policing and Security, exploring the impact of community efforts on crime-reduction interventions and the disruption of offending pathways. Professor Schaefer’s publications apply criminological theory to community and correctional interventions, examining the intersection of research and... More About Author

Francis T. Cullen

Francis T. Cullen is Distinguished Research Professor Emeritus and Senior Research Associate in the School of Criminal Justice at the University of Cincinnati, where he also holds a joint appointment in sociology. He received a Ph.D. (1979) in sociology and education from Columbia University. Professor Cullen has published more than 500 works in the areas of criminological theory, corrections, white-collar crime, public opinion, sexual victimization, and the criminology of Donald Trump. He is author of Rethinking Crime and Deviance Theory: The Emergence of a Structuring Tradition and is coauthor of Reaffirming Rehabilitation, Correctional... More About Author

John Ernst Eck

John E. Eck is Professor of Criminal Justice at the University of Cincinnati, where he teaches police effectiveness and crime prevention. He received his bachelor’s and master’s degrees from the University of Michigan, and his doctorate from the University of Maryland’s Department of Criminology. Professor Eck has conducted research into police operations since 1977, and served as the Research Director for the Police Executive Research Forum (PERF).  At PERF, he spearheaded the development of problem-oriented policing throughout the U.S. He was also the Evaluation Coordinator for Law Enforcement at the Washington/Baltimore High... More About Author

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