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Drugs and the Neuroscience of Behavior
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Drugs and the Neuroscience of Behavior
An Introduction to Psychopharmacology

Fourth Edition
  • Adam Prus - Northern Michigan University, USA


720 pages | SAGE Publications, Inc
Drugs and the Neuroscience of Behavior is a highly current introduction to psychopharmacology that provides broad and accessible coverage suitable for undergraduate students without a strong background in neuroscience. Author Adam Prus integrates approachable descriptions of drug action with historical context to help readers understand the evolution of drug treatments and usage up to the current day. The Fourth Edition reflects a variety of developments including changes in the usage of nicotine and Delta-8-THC, additional clinical applications of psychedelics and gabapentin, and the discovery of new treatments for mental disorders using novel pharmacological approaches. In addition, the book includes updated statistics, changes in international law, and new information from DSM-5-TR. Finally, the author's engaging writing style and empirically supported pedagogy make this a highly engaging and enjoyable introduction to the subject. 

KEY FEATURES:
  • The coverage of alcohol now includes a new understanding of the risks and effects of alcohol consumption, including the J-shaped curve representing a hazard ratio, alcohol-induced neurodegeneration, hepatic encephalopathy, effects on sleep, and more.
  • The coverage of nicotine features new information about the increased use of tobacco pouch products, the adverse acute effects of vaping, understanding menthol and its impact on nicotine absorption, and new statistics on second hand smoke exposure.
  • Delta-8-THC is also discussed for the first time. 
  • Chapter 12: Psychedelic Drugs has been overhauled to reflect the rapidly advancing development of new treatments and applications. It includes a new classification of drugs as serotonergics, glutaminergics, or entactogens.  
  • Chapter-opening outlines and learning objectives prepare students for forthcoming material and identify what they should be able to accomplish upon completion of the reading.
  • From Actions to Effects sections provide focus on a topic drawing from multiple chapter concepts to boost conceptual understanding of how the actions of a drug produce its effects.
  • Stop & Check questions concluding each section in every chapter allow students to assess their own understanding of main points covered in the previous section.
  • Review! callouts serve as important reminders of information covered in previous chapters to help students make connections and understand new concepts.
  • Drug Profiles provide basic information about a key compound and include a drug’s generic name, trade name and/or street name, and a description of its pharmacological actions.
  • Research Techniques and Methods boxes cover a research technique or method used in psychopharmacology research and serve as an easy reference when students come across research findings derived from each technique.
  • Chapter-ending summaries and key terms allow readers to review and reinforce the material.
 
Preface
 
Acknowledgments
 
About the Author
 
Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychopharmacology
Psychopharmacology

 
Why Read a Book on Psychopharmacology?

 
What Is a Drug?

 
Psychoactive Drugs Are Described by Manner of Use

 
Generic, Brand, Chemical, and Street Names for Drugs

 
Drug Effects Correspond With Doses

 
Objective and Subjective Effects of Psychoactive Drugs

 
Study Designs and the Assessment of Psychoactive Drugs

 
Validity and the Interpretation of Study Findings

 
Ethical Considerations in Research

 
From Actions to Effects: Therapeutic Drug Development

 
Chapter Summary

 
Key Terms

 
 
Chapter 2: The Nervous System
Cells in the Nervous System

 
The Nervous System

 
The Central Nervous System

 
Cerebral Blood Flow and Cerebrospinal Fluid

 
Genes and the Physiological Processes of Cells

 
From Actions to Effects: Advances in Therapeutic Use of CRISPR Genetic Technology

 
Chapter Summary

 
Key Terms

 
 
Chapter 3: Neurotransmission
Electrical Events Within a Neuron and the Release of Neurotransmitters

 
Electrical Potentials Along Axons

 
Propagation of Action Potentials Down Axons

 
Neurotransmitters: Signaling Molecules for Neuronal Communication

 
Neurotransmitters and Receptors

 
Types of Neurotransmitters

 
Other Types of Chemical Transmission in the Nervous System

 
From Actions to Effects: Probiotics and Mental Health

 
Chapter Summary

 
Key Terms

 
 
Chapter 4: Properties of Drugs
Pharmacokinetic Properties of Drugs

 
Pharmacodynamic Properties of Drugs

 
Psychoactive Drugs and Receptors

 
Adapting to Chronic Drug Use

 
From Actions to Effects: Environmental Neurotoxicology

 
Chapter Summary

 
Key Terms

 
 
Chapter 5: Recreational Substances and Substance Use Disorders
Regulation of Controlled Substances

 
Defining and Diagnosing Problematic Drug Use

 
Risk Factors for Substance Use Disorders

 
Theoretical Models and the Features of Substance Use Disorders

 
Recreational Substances and Reward Circuitry

 
Chronic Use of Recreational Substances and Changes to Learning and Memory Systems

 
Neurobiology and the Stages of Drug Addiction

 
Mortality and Substance Use Disorders

 
Psychological and Pharmacological Therapies for Treating Substance Use Disorders

 
From Actions to Effects: Food Addiction

 
Chapter Summary

 
Key Terms

 
A Final Note About Problematic Drug Use

 
 
Chapter 6: Psychostimulants
Psychostimulants: Herbal Products, Prescription Drugs, and Recreational Substances

 
Pharmacokinetics of Psychostimulants

 
Psychostimulants and Monoamine Neurotransmitters

 
Pharmacological Effects of Psychostimulants

 
From Actions to Effects: Psychostimulants as Cognitive Enhancers and Treatments for ADHD

 
Chapter Summary

 
Key Terms

 
 
Chapter 7: Nicotine and Caffeine
Nicotine and Tobacco

 
History of Tobacco

 
Pharmacokinetic Properties of Tobacco

 
Nicotine’s Effects on Neurotransmission

 
Nicotine’s Pharmacological Effects

 
Differences in Smoking Characteristics

 
From Actions to Effects: Why People Smoke and How They Quit

 
Caffeine

 
Caffeine Pharmacokinetics

 
Caffeine: Antagonist for Adenosine Receptors

 
Caffeine: Mild Psychostimulant Effects

 
Tolerance and Withdrawal During Sustained Caffeine Use

 
From Actions to Effects: Caffeine Habit?

 
Chapter Summary

 
Key Terms

 
 
Chapter 8: Depressants
Types of Depressant Substances

 
Depressants and GABA Neurotransmission

 
Barbiturates

 
Benzodiazepines

 
Z-Drugs

 
Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB)

 
Inhalants

 
Other Depressant Substances

 
From Actions to Effects: Discriminative Stimulus Properties of Depressant Drugs

 
Chapter Summary

 
Key Terms

 
 
Chapter 9: Alcohol
Alcohol Production Through Fermentation and Distillation

 
A Brief History of Alcohol

 
Pharmacokinetic Factors and Alcohol’s Effects

 
Alcohol and Interactions With Other Drugs

 
Alcohol and Central Nervous System Functioning

 
Pharmacological Effects of Alcohol

 
Adverse Effects of Alcohol

 
Tolerance and Sensitization to Alcohol

 
Alcohol Use Disorder and Withdrawal

 
Treating Alcohol Use Disorder

 
From Actions to Effects: Hangover

 
Chapter Summary

 
Key Terms

 
 
Chapter 10: Opioids
Opioids: Natural and Synthetic

 
History of Opioids

 
Pharmacokinetic Properties of Opioids

 
Opioid Drugs and the Endogenous Opioid System

 
Opioid Drugs Are Classified by Receptor Actions

 
Opioids and the Reward System

 
Opioids and Pain

 
Opioid Rewarding and Analgesic Effects

 
From Actions to Effects: Pharmacological Approaches for Treating Opioid Use Disorder

 
Chapter Summary

 
Key Terms

 
 
Chapter 11: Cannabinoids
Cannabinoids and the Cannabis Plant

 
History of Cannabis

 
Methods of Cannabis Preparation and Use

 
Cannabinoid Compounds and the Endocannabinoid System

 
Physiological Effects of Cannabinoids

 
Behavioral and Cognitive Effects of Cannabinoids

 
Subjective Effects of Cannabinoids

 
Cannabis Use Disorder

 
Health Risks of Cannabis

 
From Actions to Effects: Medical Use of Cannabinoids

 
Chapter Summary

 
Key Terms

 
 
Chapter 12: Psychedelic Drugs
Serotonergic Psychedelic Drugs

 
Entactogens

 
Glutaminergic Psychedelic Drugs

 
Other Psychedelic Drugs

 
From Actions to Effects: Synesthesia

 
Chapter Summary

 
Key Terms

 
 
Chapter 13: Antipsychotic Drugs
Mental Disorders

 
Schizophrenia

 
Schizophrenia’s Complex Neurobiological Profile

 
A Brief History of Schizophrenia and Its Treatment

 
Neurotransmission Hypotheses for Schizophrenia

 
Typical and Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs

 
Other Treatments for Schizophrenia

 
Antipsychotic Drugs and the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder

 
Antipsychotic Drugs and Parkinson’s Disease Psychosis

 
From Actions to Effects: Antipsychotic Drug Actions and Neurotransmission in Schizophrenia

 
Chapter Summary

 
Key Terms

 
 
Chapter 14: Treatments for Depression and Bipolar Disorder
Depression

 
Antidepressant Drugs

 
Limitations in Antidepressant Drug Effectiveness and Development

 
Pharmacogenetic Factors in Antidepressant Treatment

 
Combination Drug Strategies for Treating Depression

 
Combining Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy for Treating Depression

 
Antidepressant Drug Actions on Neurotransmission and Neuronal Growth

 
Bipolar Disorder

 
Pharmacological Treatments for Bipolar Disorder

 
From Actions to Effects: Psychedelic Drugs and Unique Antidepressant Effects

 
Chapter Summary

 
Key Terms

 
 
Chapter 15: Treatments for Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety Disorders

 
Structures Involved in Fear and Anxiety

 
Anxious Feelings, the Amygdala, and the Sympathetic Nervous System

 
Stress and the HPA Axis

 
Treatment of Anxiety, OCD, and PTSD

 
Antidepressant Drugs for the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders, OCD, and PTSD

 
MDMA Treatment for PTSD

 
From Actions to Effects: How Do Antidepressant Drugs Reduce Anxiety?

 
Chapter Summary

 
Key Terms

 
 
Glossary
 
Endnotes
 
References

“This textbook is an excellent source for students to learn about pharmacology and explore their interests on a deeper level with the provided research articles.”

Mansi A. Shah
Temple University
Old Review

“The images used for laboratory protocols are excellent. They allow students to learn about them in an easy-to-understand way.”

Elizabeth Caldwell
University of New Hampshire
Old Review

Adam Prus

Dr. Adam Prus is a professor and head of psychology at Northern Michigan University in Marquette, Michigan. He earned his PhD in psychology from Virginia Commonwealth University and a master’s degree in psychology from Western Michigan University. While in graduate school, Prus also worked as a research technician at a large pharmaceutical company, where he screened central nervous system drugs using various biological assays. After earning his PhD, Dr. Prus investigated experimental antipsychotic drugs as a postdoctoral fellow in the Psychopharmacology Division of the Department of Psychiatry at Vanderbilt University. Dr. Prus has... More About Author