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Guiding Change in Special Education
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Guiding Change in Special Education
How to Help Schools With New Ideas and Practices

Foreword by Maurice McInerney



November 2003 | 296 pages | Corwin
The book presents a seven-stage model of school change (and sustained change) designed specifically to help schools move to integrated and improved services for special education students. The primary audience is the `linking' agent - the administrator who is responsible for helping direct the school's efforts, be it the headteacher, the special education director, the staff development leader, or some other administrator within the school. Because the model is intended first for site trial, then district-wide reform, the audience expands to include other administrators and teachers that are involved in the process.
Maurice McInerney
Foreword
 
Acknowledgments
 
About the Authors
 
Introduction
 
Case Study
 
Stage 1. Care: Establishing the Need for Action
Someone Must Care Enough to Make It All Worthwhile

 
A Three-Step Model of Change: Unfreeze-Move-Refreeze

 
How School Systems Show (and Don't Show) That They Are in Trouble

 
Inside Versus Outside Forces

 
Linking Agent as Connector and Orchestrator of Forces

 
Whose Responsibility? The Value Issues in Helping

 
Care: Summary

 
 
Stage 2. Relate: Building a Relationship
Build a Good Relationship With the People You Are Trying to Help

 
Diagram Your School or School District as a Social Network

 
Linker Configurations

 
How to Size Up Your Relationship

 
Final Word on Relationship Building

 
Relate: Summary

 
 
Stage 3. Examine: Understanding the Problem
Turn Cares Into Problems You Can Solve

 
Making a Good Diagnosis

 
The Data Collection Phase

 
The Analytic Phase

 
Making a Diagnostic Inventory

 
Systemic Analysis: Understanding the System

 
A Data Collection Process

 
A Set of Rating Dimensions

 
Creating a Diagnostic Matrix/Checklist That Points to Solutions

 
Integrating Diagnosis With the Other Stages

 
Examine: Summary

 
 
Stage 4. Acquire: Seeking and Finding Relevant Resources
The Money Theory of Change

 
The People Theory of Change

 
The Knowledge Theory of Change

 
Acquiring Materials (= Packaged Knowledge)

 
Acquire: Summary

 
 
Stage 5. Try: Moving From Knowledge to Action
Giving a Fair Trial to a Well-Considered Solution

 
Pretrial Feasibility Testing: Comparing and Selecting the Best

 
Plan the Implementation

 
What Is the Process?

 
How Can You Evaluate Process?

 
What Are the Outcomes?

 
Can You Measure Outcomes?

 
Cautions on Evaluation

 
Using the Results

 
Sharing With Your Team

 
Try: Summary

 
 
Stage 6. Extend: Gaining Deeper and Wider Acceptance
Issues About Adoption and Diffusion

 
Solidifying Adoption at the Trial Site (Keeping Going)

 
Expanding Change at the Trial Site

 
Extending the Trial to Proximate Sites (Follow-On Adoption)

 
Extending Adoption to the Larger System

 
Variations of the Adoption Curve

 
Going Wider: Strategies and Tactics (The Second Stage of Diffusion)

 
Extend: Summary

 
 
Stage 7. Renew: Encouraging Ongoing Change
How Do Systems Absorb Changes?

 
Improve the Process

 
Keep the Change Fresh

 
Create a Self-Renewal Capacity

 
From Item Change to System Change

 
Installing the Change Function

 
Terminating and Moving On

 
Renew: Summary

 
 
Summary and Synthesis
 
References
 
Index

Ronald G. Havelock

James L. Hamilton

Dr. James Hamilton is currently a managing director at the American Institutes for Research (AIR). He is Principal Investigator of the ACCESS Center, which is providing technical assistance to states and school districts to help students with disabilities gain access to the general education curriculum. Previously, he was Project Director of the Elementary and Middle Schools Technical Assistance Center, which developed and evaluated a technical assistance model aimed at improving outcomes for students with disabilities in elementary and middle schools. Before joining AIR, Dr. Hamilton held various positions, over a 20-year period, at the... More About Author

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