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The SAGE Handbook of Chinese Digital Media and Communication
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The SAGE Handbook of Chinese Digital Media and Communication

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600 pages | SAGE Publications Ltd

The Sage Handbook of Chinese Digital Media and Communication is the first comprehensive reference work dedicated to the fast-evolving field of digital media and communication in China. Marking three decades since China’s official connection to the internet, this landmark volume brings together leading scholars from across the globe to examine the profound transformations digital technologies have brought to Chinese society, politics, culture, and economy.

Spanning activism, governance, labor, industry, everyday life, and research methods, the handbook offers a critical and interdisciplinary survey of the field. It explores how the internet and digital media have reshaped political participation, civil society, and national identity; how state regulation and surveillance intersect with innovation and platformization; and how digital labor, fandom, gaming, and e-commerce are redefining cultural production, consumption and economy. It also reflects on the lived experiences of users, from parenting and diaspora to queer communities and mobile rituals.

Structured across five thematic parts, the volume not only maps the current landscape of Chinese digital media and communication but also interrogates the knowledge production that has shaped the field. It invites dialogue with global digital media scholarship and offers a timely reflection on the past, present, and future of China’s digital transformation.

The Sage Handbook of Chinese Digital Media and Communication is an indispensable resource for scholars, researchers, and students seeking a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted landscape of Chinese digital media and communication. By examining past achievements, current trends, and future prospects, this collective effort establishes a foundation for advancing knowledge and fostering meaningful dialogues in this rapidly evolving field.

Part 1: Activism, Civil Society and Politics
Part 2: Technology, Regulation and Governance
Part 3: Platform, Labor and Industry
Part 4: User, Culture and Everyday Life
Part 5: Method, Approach and Reflections

Jian Xu, Shaohua Guo and Weiyu Zhang
Introduction
 
Part 1: Activism, Civil Society and Politics
Qian Huang, Yiming Wang & Yiran Ding
Chapter 1: Digital vigilantism in China: Dynamics and politics in networked justice-seeking
Francis Lee
Chapter 2: Digital media and contentious politics in Hong Kong
Altman Yuzhu Peng & Fengshu Liu
Chapter 3: Understanding China’s digital feminism: Struggles, resilience, and businesses
Florian Schneider
Chapter 4: China’s digital nationalism: Narratives, technological affordance, practice
Weiyu Zhang, Yu Sun, Ding Xiang Chua & Yun Lin Seet
Chapter 5: Digital environmentalism and non-confrontational activism in the lifeworld
Yuan Wang & Rongbin Han
Chapter 6: Activism of no action: The lying-flat movement in Chinese cyberspace
Jun Fu
Chapter 7: Digital citizenship of young people in China
Dan Chen
Chapter 8: Public opinion, Yulun and Yuqing
Zhao Alexandre Huang & Rui Wang
Chapter 9: Panda as the flagship of China’s digital diplomacy: Rethinking the intersection of network and emotional narrative strategy
 
Part 2: Technology, Regulation and Governance
Gianluigi Negro
Chapter 10: China’s internet governance path: From ‘great country’ to ‘strong country’ strategy
Michael Keane
Chapter 11: Civilisation, technology and surveillance in the Middle Kingdom
Haiqing Yu
Chapter 12: Communication politics and the social credit system
Wilfred Yang Wang & Pengfei Fu
Chapter 13: Big data and public health governance: A review of China’s health code system during the Covid-19 pandemic
Aifang Ma
Chapter 14: ‘Double-bind regulation’ of private internet firms in China: Dilemmas, autonomy and resilience
Xiaofei Han
Chapter 15: Regulating Chinese livestreaming industries: Historical regulatory-industrial trends and current issues
Huw Roberts, Lujain Ibrahim, Junhua Zhu
Chapter 16: Tensions and contradictions in China’s approach to AI Governance
Xiang Ren
Chapter 17: China’s digital publishing transformation: Platformisation, artificial intelligence, and regulatory complexity
 
Part 3: Platform, Labor and Industry
Xu Chen & D. Bondy Valdovinos Kaye
Chapter 18: Cross-cultural comparative platform studies: Insights from short video research
Chenhao Ye
Chapter 19: The ‘unsettling’ political economy of communication in China: State reconfigurations and financialization of digital news industries
Kecheng Fang & Youyi Wei
Chapter 20: From Weibo to AI: How research on digital journalism reflects technological
Anthony Li
Chapter 21: E-commerce and rural development: Taobao Villages in China
Jian Lin & Han Fu
Chapter 22: Wanghong and the formation of ethical subjects in the Chinese creator economy
Yiyi Yin
Chapter 23: China’s digital fandom and platformized affective labor
Gejun Huang
Chapter 24: Reconsidering the globalization of Chinese digital games: A platformization turn
Zixue Tai & Fengbin Hu
Chapter 25: Gaming mobility: Players, industry, market and state rulemaking in China
Wenjia Tang
Chapter 26: Chinese digital giant going out under digital transformation and platformization: Rethinking Tencent’s pan-entertainment strategy
 
Part 4: User, Culture and Everyday Life
Wanning Sun
Chapter 27: Digital media, Chinese diaspora, and new transnational subjects – A case study from Australia
Weishan Miao & Jiacheng Liu
Chapter 28: Chinese gay men’s digital media studies: A critical review
Jiaxi Hou
Chapter 29: The Remaking of an Underclass in Digital China: Contested Voices, Disciplined Cultural Production, and a Rising Lumpen Internet
Michel Hockx
Chapter 30: Internet literature in China revisited
Shaohua Guo
Chapter 31: Revisiting Web 2.0 via blogs: A comparative study of mainland China and Taiwan
Xinyu Zhao
Chapter 32: Digital parenting in China: State, school, and family
Yipeng Xi
Chapter 33: Routinizing Technology: Mobile Payments and the Reinvention of Social Interactions in China
 
Part 5: Method, Approach and Reflections
Gabriele de Seta
Chapter 34: Digital ethnography in, on and through China: A methodological history
Yingdan Lu & Matt DeButts
Chapter 35: How to use computational methods and online experiments to study Chinese digital media
Shiwen Wu, Xiaoya Yang & Jian Xu
Chapter 36: Researching Chinese internet history: A social memory perspective
Min Tang
Chapter 37: Researching China’s digital economy: A critical political economy perspective

This volume stands as a landmark achievement — a comprehensive, systematic, and up-to-date mapping of China’s digital transformation. It brings together leading scholars to dissect the shifting terrains of civil society and politics, technology regulation and governance, digital platforms and labor, user cultures and everyday life. With analytical rigor and a keen sense of critical reflection, the book illuminates not only the architectures of power and participation but also the struggles and negotiations that define China’s digital present. For scholars and advanced students in the humanities, social sciences, and technology policy, this handbook is indispensable. It offers both breadth and depth, equipping readers to understand, critique, and re-imagine the future of Chinese digital media and communication.

 
Professor Jack Linchuan Qiu
Chair and Shaw Foundation Professor of Media Technology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

As one of the first and most comprehensive works in the field, this book breaks new ground in the analysis of digital China. By systematically integrating diverse dimensions—including established and emerging scholars, industry and culture, historical and contemporary perspectives, policy and user studies, as well as new media platforms and digital labor—it offers a uniquely holistic understanding of Chinese digital media. The volume presents innovative and distinctive interpretations of the emergence and development of Chinese digital communication. Its rich empirical insights shed light on the complex interplay among media scholars, students, policymakers, and IT professionals. The contributors position their analysis not solely within a national framework, but within a global context, enhancing the volume’s relevance and significance. This book is an essential resource for scholars and students engaged in the study of Chinese digital media and communication.

 
Professor Dal Yong Jin
Distinguished Professor, Simon Fraser University

“This phenomenal handbook offers the most comprehensive and up-to-date analyses of key issues in the study of Chinese internet and digital media in one volume. Featuring leading scholars from around the world, it provides an indispensable roadmap for future research in this rich and dynamic field. Highly recommended!”

 
Professor Guobin Yang
Grace Lee Boggs Professor of Communication and Sociology, University of Pennsylvania

Grasping the variety and complexity of media in and from China, and China's related policy environment, is perhaps the greatest challenge facing the field of media studies today. This remarkable collection brings together a truly impressive range of authors and topics in what will instantly become an essential primer for understanding contemporary China's multiple media worlds. 

 
Professor Nick Couldry
London School of Economics and Political Science

Since China’s official connection to the global internet in 1994, the internet and digital media have profoundly transformed the politics, economy, and culture of Chinese society. This handbook serves as an indispensable resource for scholars and students interested in understanding how the internet and digital technologies have reshaped China and influenced the world over the past three decades. 

 
Professor Hu Yong
Peking University

This handbook is a remarkable, interdisciplinary achievement that marks three decades of Chinese Internet studies and digital communication. Covering a wide range of topics, perspectives, theoretical and methodological approaches, this handbook is an indispensable resource to anyone wishing to have a good grasp of the complex digital transformations brought to Chinese society, politics, culture, and economy.

Professor Min Jiang
University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Lead Editor of Digital Sovereignty in the BRICS Countries (Cambridge University Press, 2024)

Jian Xu

Dr Jian Xu is Associate Professor in Communication in the School of Communication & Creative Arts, Deakin University, Australia. He convenes the Asian Media, Culture & Society Research Group at Deakin University. He researches Chinese digital media cultures and celebrity studies. He is Editor-in-Chief of Communication Research and Practice, the official journal of the Australian and Aotearoa New Zealand Communication Association (AANZCA). He is the author of Media Events in Web 2.0 China (Liverpool University Press, 2016) and the lead editor of Internet Vulgarities in China (Routledge, 2026) and Asian Celebrity Cultures in the... More About Author

Shaohua Guo

Shaohua Guo is Associate Professor of Chinese at Carleton College. Her research interests focus on contemporary Chinese studies, digital media studies, and cultural studies. She is the author of The Evolution of the Chinese Internet: Creative Visibility in the Digital Public (Stanford University Press 2021). More About Author

Weiyu Zhang

Provost's Chair Professor Weiyu Zhang is Director of the Civic Tech Lab (www.civictechlab.org), currently located at the Department of Communications and New Media, National University of Singapore. Her research focuses on civic engagement and Information and Communication Technologies, with an emphasis on Asia. She has led on multi-nation projects on youth engagement, online deliberation, and civic tech in Asia. Her current interest is to develop and examine civic tech applications to facilitate citizen deliberation on science topics such as artificial intelligence, Covid-19 vaccines, climate change, and novel food. More About Author